What is bladder pain syndrome (BPS)? Bladder pain syndrome (BPS), also called interstitial cystitis, is a condition that causes pain in the bladder or pelvis. The pain can be severe. It also causes an urgent, frequent need to urinate. What causes BPS? Some doctors think BPS may be caused by abnormal changes in the...

Discusses ankylosing spondylitis, a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the spine. Covers causes, diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment.

For arthroscopic jaw surgery, the surgeon inserts a pencil-thin, lighted tube (arthroscope) into the jaw joint through a small incision in the skin. The arthroscope is connected to a small camera outside the body that transmits a close-up image of the joint to a TV screen. The surgeon can insert surgical tools through...

Open-joint arthroplasty is surgery to repair, reposition, replace, or remove parts in a joint. When used to treat temporomandibular disorder (TMD), this usually involves the articular disc that cushions the jaw joint. During open-joint arthroplasty of the jaw, an incision is made in the skin to expose the jaw joint. The...

Covers surgery to replace the ends of bones in a damaged joint. Includes slideshow on knee replacement. Looks at why surgery is done, risks, and how well it works. Discusses what to expect after surgery and living with a knee replacement.

Cervical spinal fusion is surgery that joins two or more of the vertebrae in your neck. When these bones are joined together, it's called fusion. After the joints are fused, they can no longer move. During the surgery, the doctor uses bone to make a "bridge" between your vertebrae. This bridge may be strengthened with...

What is cervical spondylosis? Spondylosis is age-related change of the bones (vertebrae) and discs of the spine. These changes are often called degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis. When this condition is in the neck, it's called cervical spondylosis. These changes don't always cause symptoms. But they are a...

Overflow incontinence means that you may have the urge to urinate, but you can release only a small amount. Then later, urine leaks out. Or it can mean that your bladder becomes too full and then leaks urine. Overflow incontinence can be caused by:

Spondylolysis is a defect or fracture of one or both of the wing-shaped parts of a vertebra. It most often happens in the vertebrae of the lower spine. The wing-shaped parts help keep the vertebrae in place. When they are missing or damaged, a vertebra can slide forward or backward over the bone below it, sometimes...

Learn what effects COVID-19 may have on the body long after recovery.

Flat head syndrome means that a baby's head is flat in the back or on one side. Most often, it's from lying on the back or lying with the head to one side for long periods of time. Sometimes a baby's forehead, cheek, or ear may get pushed forward a...

Covers causes of sciatica such as a bulging or ruptured disc, spinal stenosis, and bone spurs. Looks at symptoms such as pain in your back or buttocks. Includes treatment with a cold pack, medicines, and exercises to relieve pain.

What is spondylolisthesis? In spondylolisthesis, one bone in your back ( vertebra) slides forward over the bone below it. It most often occurs in the lower spine ( lumbosacral area). In some cases, this may lead to your spinal cord or nerve roots being squeezed. This can cause back pain and numbness or weakness in one...

What is lumbar spondylosis? Spondylosis is age-related change of the bones (vertebrae) and discs of the spine. These changes are often called degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis. When this condition is in the lower back, it's called lumbar spondylosis. These changes don't always cause symptoms. But they are a...

You can use paraffin wax (which may be called either paraffin or wax) to apply moist heat to your hands or feet to ease the pain and stiffness of osteoarthritis. Paraffin wax especially helps to reduce pain and loosen up your hand and finger joints before exercise. You will need: 4 lb (1.8 kg) of paraffin wax. Paraffin...

Most people struggle at times with getting active—and with staying active over time. All kinds of things can get in the way. And those roadblocks can be different for everyone. But there are steps you can take to get past your barriers to being...

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a disorder of the upper part of the thighbone (head of the femur) that causes breakdown of the head of the femur. This is followed by new bone formation. LCPD develops because of loss of blood flow to the head of the femur. This causes breakdown (avascular necrosis) and deformity of...

Post-polio syndrome is an illness of the nervous system that can appear 15 to 50 years after you had polio. It affects your muscles and nerves, and it causes you to have weakness, fatigue, and muscle or joint pain. Although post-polio syndrome can...

Being active is one of the best things you can do to get fit and stay healthy. It helps you feel stronger and have more energy. It can help you lose fat, build muscle, and reach a weight that's healthy for you. Being active may also help you feel...

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is not really a disease but a term used to describe the normal changes of the discs in the spine as a person ages. The breakdown of the discs can result in back pain, neck pain, or other problems. Age-related changes that cause DDD include a loss of fluid in the discs and tiny tears or...

John, 54 Read more about John and how he became more active. "My mantra is 'Find a way to exercise.' It has made all the difference in my life." For inspiration to exercise, John hasn't had to look far. His father rides his bike daily to prevent...

You may be worried about having enough energy to exercise. Remember that exercise can actually give you more energy. Most people feel more energetic throughout the day after they start to be more active. Here are some tips to help you. Eat a balanced diet. Unless you're exercising for long periods of time, you don't...